New reusable shock absorber shows promise in lab tests

UB engineers are reporting a new energy-dissipation device that they say could have far-reaching applications in transportation safety.

Described in the International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, the device utilizes low-cost metallic materials and a simple design. Unlike conventional sacrificial structural components like car bumpers, it’s designed to be reused after impact.

“Most energy absorbers carrying high stiffness work by crushing or collapsing upon impact. This reduces physical damage to the vehicle, or whatever the absorbers are protecting, but it requires the replacement of internal and external parts following the collision,” says the study’s senior author, Jongmin Shim, associate professor of structural engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

“Our structure is unique in that it enables impact energy to detour around the vehicle. It’s comprised of one column with a flange at each end. These flanges have hinges that allow the normally rigid column to snap out of place, which converts external energy into kinetic energy of the disconnected column, eventually protecting the vehicle,” he adds.

Study co-author Seoyoung Heo is a former graduate student in Shim’s lab.

“The device is engineered to have both high stiffness — the ability to bear loads and resist collapsing — as well as high damping, which means it can dissipate energy,” she says. “Its potential applications are varied, everything from automobiles and ship buffers to helicopters, drones and more.”

The researchers conducted tests of the device, made of steel, on examples measured by centimeters. Because of its simple design and common materials, they say, it could easily be scaled up or down to other dimensions.

Shim and Heo are co-inventors on a provisional patent application for the device filed by UB with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The technology is available for licensing through the UB Technology Transfer office.

The study was supported with funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation and Buffalo Blue Sky, a program of the Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development at UB. The UB Center for Computational Research provided additional support.