Earbuds may soon detect ear infections, other ailments

New UB-led research shows how earbuds may soon be able to detect common ear infections and other ailments.

A study published in June by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) describes what the research team is calling EarHealth.

The system pairs Bluetooth earbuds with a smartphone that’s equipped with a deep learning platform. (Deep learning is a type of machine learning, which itself is a form of artificial intelligence.)

EarHealth works by sending a chirp through the earbuds of a healthy user. It records how the chirp reverberates throughout the ear canals, creating a profile of each user’s unique inner ear geometry.

Subsequent chirps — for example, a user might set the system for once daily testing — monitor each ear for three conditions that alter the ear canal’s geometry: earwax blockage, ruptured ear drums and otitis media, a common ear infection.

Each condition has a unique audio signature that the deep learning system can detect with fairly accurate results.

The researchers reported EarHealth achieved an accuracy of 82.6% in 92 users, including 27 healthy subjects, 22 patients with a ruptured eardrum, 25 patients with otitis media and 18 patients with earwax blockage.

“With people worldwide living longer, and the prevalence of headphones, it is more important than ever to monitor one’s ear health,” says lead author Zhanpeng Jin, associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

“With EarHealth, we have developed what we believe is the first-ever earbud-based system that monitors ear health conditions in an effective, affordable and user-friendly way,” he adds. “Because it has the potential to detect these conditions very early, it could greatly improve health outcomes for many people.”

The study, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, was presented in June at ACM’s International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys) in Portland, Oregon.

Co-authors include Yang Gao, a postdoctoral scholar at Northwestern University; Xiaotao Guo, a researcher at The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC in China; Yincheng Jin, a UB PhD candidate; Zhengxiong Li, assistant professor of computer science and engineering at University of Colorado Denver; and Jun Wen, a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School.

The team is planning additional studies to refine the system. These include testing how ear hair, a history of eardrum inflammation and other factors might affect EarHealth’s performance.