Judith Yourman juxtaposes various formats – still photographs, video, and artists’ books – in order to play with the relationship between meaning and meditation. In Offending History, Yourman focuses on four female offenders: Leona Helmsley, Tanya Harding, Amy Fisher, and Susan Smith, whose notoriety is a mediated brew of criminality and personality. Yourman layers media images of these women with moralizing passages from nineteenth and twentieth century sources – female etiquette books, criminology texts, and old Girl Scout handbooks – to suggest hidden influences in media representation, particularly in those images that appear to function as “objective” documents.